Chemical peels have the ability to treat various skin concerns – from acne and wrinkles to dark spots and scars – and therefore gained in popularity. But with so many different types of chemical peels available, how do you know which one is right for your skin? In this article, we’ll break down the different types of chemical peels, their strengths, and how they can help you achieve your skincare goals.
1. Superficial chemical peel
A superficial chemical peel is the mildest form of chemical peel and targets the outermost layer of skin (the epidermis). These peels are often referred to as “lunchtime peels” because they have minimal downtime and are quick to perform.
Common ingredients: Glycolic acid, salicylic acid, and lactic acid.
Best for:
- Fine lines and wrinkles
- Mild acne
- Uneven skin tone and texture
- Sensitive skin and those new to chemical peels
Results: After a superficial peel, you can expect brighter, more refreshed skin. You might need multiple sessions for more noticeable changes in fine lines or acne scars.
Side effects of superficial chemical peel: Mild redness and dryness for a few days, but these peels are generally very gentle.
2. Medium chemical peel
A medium chemical peel penetrates deeper into the skin, reaching the middle layer (the dermis). This type of peel is stronger than a superficial peel and can address more pronounced skin issues.
Common ingredients: Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), sometimes combined with glycolic acid.
Best for:
- Deeper wrinkles and fine lines
- Acne scars
- Hyperpigmentation and dark spots
- Uneven skin tone
Results: After a medium peel, your skin will feel smoother, and dark spots or scars will fade. There will be visible peeling for several days, and results are more dramatic than with superficial peels.
Side effects of medium chemical peel: Redness, swelling, and peeling for about 1-2 weeks. Sun protection is crucial during the healing period.
3. Deep Chemical Peel
The deep chemical peel is the most intensive type of chemical peel. It penetrates the deep layers of the skin and is designed to address significant skin damage and imperfections.
Common ingredients: High concentrations of Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or phenol.
Best for:
- Severe wrinkles and deep lines
- Severe sun damage
- Deep scars
- Dramatic skin resurfacing
Results: A deep peel can provide the most transformative results, revealing significantly smoother and rejuvenated skin. However, it involves a more extended recovery period, and the results can last for years.
Side effects: Redness, peeling, and swelling can last several weeks. Deep peels often require more downtime and close monitoring by a dermatologist. Sun exposure must be avoided during the healing phase.
4. Glycolic acid chemical peel
Glycolic acid is a popular ingredient in superficial peels and is derived from sugarcane. It is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin and promotes cell turnover.
Best for:
- Fine lines and wrinkles
- Hyperpigmentation
- Uneven skin tone
Results: Brighter, smoother skin with minimal downtime. Regular treatments can improve skin texture over time.
Side effects of glycolic acid chemical peel: Mild redness or irritation, but generally well-tolerated even for those with sensitive skin.
5. Salicylic acid chemical peel
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that is particularly effective for treating acne-prone skin.
Best for:
- Acne and oily skin
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Mild hyperpigmentation
Results: Clearer pores, reduced acne, and less oily skin. This type of peel also helps reduce inflammation associated with breakouts.
Side effects of salicylic acid chemical peel: Temporary dryness or flaking, but it’s typically very gentle.
6. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) chemical peel
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used for medium-depth or deep chemical peels. It penetrates deeper than glycolic acid and is highly effective for more significant skin concerns.
Best for:
- Sun damage
- Deep wrinkles and fine lines
- Acne scars and uneven skin tone
Results: A TCA peel offers more dramatic skin resurfacing, with smoother, younger-looking skin after recovery.
Side effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) chemical peel: Moderate to severe peeling, redness, and downtime for up to two weeks, depending on the strength of the peel.
Which type of chemical peel should you choose?
Choosing the right chemical peel depends on your skin type and specific concerns. If you’re new to peels or have sensitive skin, a superficial peel with glycolic or lactic acid is a gentle option with minimal downtime. For more noticeable signs of aging like wrinkles or deep lines, a medium peel with TCA may be better. For severe scarring, sun damage, or deep wrinkles, a deep peel can provide the most dramatic results, but it comes with a longer recovery time.
Consult with a skincare professional to find the peel that best suits your needs. To fully enjoy the best results, also make sure to take good after care of your skin!
