Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects the air sacs in the lungs, filling them with fluid or pus and causing symptoms that can range from mild to severe. Understanding the signs, treatment, and preventive measures is crucial for managing pneumonia effectively.
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
The symptoms of pneumonia can vary depending on the severity and the cause of the infection. Common symptoms include:
- Cough: Often persistent and may produce mucus. The cough can sound deep and may be wet or dry. In severe cases, it might be accompanied by blood-tinged mucus.
- Fever and chills: Most people with pneumonia experience a fever, sometimes with shaking chills.
- Shortness of breath: You might feel breathless or struggle to catch your breath, even while resting.
- Chest pain: This can occur when you breathe deeply or cough, as the infection inflames the lung tissues.
- Fatigue: Feeling very tired and weak is a common symptom.
- Sweating and clammy skin: Some people may experience excessive sweating and feel clammy.
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea: Digestive symptoms can sometimes appear with pneumonia.
For some, especially young children and older adults, symptoms may be less typical and harder to recognize, like confusion, dizziness, or lower body temperature.
How do I know if I have pneumonia?
If you have several of the symptoms above, particularly a persistent cough, fever, and shortness of breath, it’s essential to see a healthcare professional. The doctor may conduct a physical examination, listen for abnormal sounds in your lungs, and likely request a chest X-ray or blood tests to confirm if you have pneumonia.
What can cause pneumonia?
Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Some of the most common causes are:
- Bacterial pneumonia: Often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, this type can develop on its own or after a cold or flu.
- Viral pneumonia: Viruses like influenza, RSV, and even COVID-19 can lead to viral pneumonia, which tends to be milder but can become severe.
- Fungal pneumonia: People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to fungal pneumonia, which can be contracted from the air, especially in clinical environments like hospitals.
How is pneumonia transmitted?
Pneumonia is contagious and can be transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. You can also contract pneumonia by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face, especially your mouth, nose, or eyes.
How long does pneumonia last?
The duration of pneumonia depends on the severity and type of pneumonia. Mild cases may clear up within a week or two, while more severe infections can last several weeks or longer. Full recovery can take months, especially in older adults or those with weakened immune systems.
Treatment of pneumonia
The treatment of pneumonia depends on its cause. For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed, while viral pneumonia often requires supportive care, including rest, fluids, and, in some cases, antiviral medication. Doctors might recommend over-the-counter pain relievers for chest pain and fever. With severe difficulty in breathing and low oxygen levels, or if the infection doesn’t respond to prescribed medicine, hospitalisation might be required. Doctors may also recommend hospitalisation for very young children, older adults, or individuals with weakened immune systems to ensure they receive proper care and monitoring.
What is double pneumonia?
Double pneumonia occurs when both lungs are infected, rather than just one. Symptoms can be more intense, and recovery might take longer since both lungs are affected. Hospitalization is often more likely for double pneumonia, especially if symptoms are severe.
Pneumonia vaccine
There are vaccines available to help prevent certain types of pneumonia, particularly bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for children, adults over 65, and people with specific health conditions. Additionally, the annual flu vaccine can help reduce the risk of viral pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be a serious illness, and without vaccination, it is crucial to recognize its symptoms and understand when to seek medical care. With prompt treatment and preventive measures, recovery is possible, and future risks can be reduced.
